Nitrate addition alleviates ammonium toxicity without lessening ammonium accumulation, organic acid depletion and inorganic cation depletion in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots.
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Metabolomic 6 , — Plant Prod. Endo, M. Rapid and simple isolation of vascular, epidermal and mesophyll cells from plant leaf tissue. Toyooka, K. Mass transport of proform of a KDEL-tailed cysteine proteinase SH-EP to protein storage vacuoles by endoplasmic reticulum—derived vesicle is involved in protein mobilization in germinating seeds.
Cell Biol. Download references. Seeds of the A thaliana NR-null mutant and gln1;2 gln1;3 were kindly provided by Dr. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Takushi Hachiya. Peer review information Nature Communications thanks Celine Masclaux-Daubresse, Soichi Kojima and the other, anonymous, reviewer s for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available.
Reprints and Permissions. Excessive ammonium assimilation by plastidic glutamine synthetase causes ammonium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 12, Download citation. Received : 19 September Accepted : 29 July Published : 16 August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Plant development Plant physiology Plant stress responses. Abstract Plants use nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen in the soil as nitrogen sources.
Introduction Nitrate and ammonium are the main sources of nitrogen N for most plants. Results A genetic screen isolated an ammonium-insensitive mutant To find ammonium-insensitive lines, a gain-of-function population of the Arabidopsis FOX full-length cDNA overexpressing lines 12 was used. Full size image. Discussion Although ammonium is believed to be a toxic compound for plant growth, our results demonstrate that ammonium assimilation by shoot GLN2 rather than ammonium accumulation is a major cause of ammonium toxicity.
Methods Plant materials and growth conditions A. Microarray analysis Total RNA was extracted as described above. Grafting between shoots and roots Arabidopsis seedlings were grown for 4 d on media containing 2. Determination of amino acids and photosynthetic intermediates Amino acids and photosynthetic intermediates were extracted and their concentrations were determined based on the method reported by Miyagi et al. CRED reporting. Raw data experiment 1. Raw data experiment 2.
Author Contributions: Conceptualization: R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The experiments were conducted within the joint project MiWa Microplastics in the water cycle—sampling, sample preparation, analytics, occurrence, removal, and assessment.
Acknowledgments: We wish to thank Martin Jekel for the initiation and coordination of the MiWa project. For the scanning electron microscope analysis, we thank Monika Meinert and Oliver Betz. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
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